Category: XP

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Fortinet products, the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution.

• FortiSandbox is an advanced threat detection solution from Fortinet that uses sandboxing to analyze suspicious files and network traffic for advanced threats like zero-day malware and ransomware.
• FortiWeb is a web application firewall (WAF) that protects web applications and APIs from cyberattacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting, while also helping to meet compliance requirements.
• FortiVoice is a unified communications solution that combines voice, chat, conferencing, and fax into a single, secure platform for businesses and schools.
• FortiOS is the Fortinet’s proprietary Operation System which is utilized across multiple product lines.
• FortiProxy is a secure web gateway product from Fortinet that protects users from internet-borne attacks, enforces compliance, and improves network performance.
• FortiClientEMS is a centralized management platform for deploying, configuring, monitoring, and enforcing security policies across numerous endpoints (computers) running the FortiClient agent.
• FortiSwitchManager is Fortinet’s dedicated, on-premise platform for centrally managing FortiSwitch devices in large deployments.
• FortiFone is Fortinet’s secure, enterprise-grade unified communications solution.

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the affected service account. Depending on the privileges associated with the service account an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Service accounts that are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

THREAT INTELLIGENCE:
There are currently no reports of these vulnerabilities being exploited in the wild.

SYSTEMS AFFECTED:

• FortiVoice 7.2.0 through 7.2.2
• FortiVoice 7.0.0 through 7.0.7
• FortiClientEMS 7.4.3 through 7.4.4
• FortiClientEMS 7.4.0 through 7.4.1
• FortiClientEMS 7.2.0 through 7.2.10
• FortiClientEMS 7.0 all versions
• FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3
• FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8
• FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11
• FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17
• FortiOS 6.4.0 through 6.4.16
• FortiSASE 25.2.b
• FortiSASE 25.1.a.2
• FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6
• FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5
• FortiSandbox 5.0.0 through 5.0.4
• FortiSandbox 4.4 all versions
• FortiSandbox 4.2 all versions
• FortiSandbox 4.0 all versions
• FortiFone 7.0.0 through 7.0.1
• FortiFone 3.0.13 through 3.0.23
• FortiSIEM 7.4.0
• FortiSIEM 7.3.0 through 7.3.4
• FortiSIEM 7.2.0 through 7.2.6
• FortiSIEM 7.1.0 through 7.1.8
• FortiSIEM 7.0.0 through 7.0.4
• FortiSIEM 7.0.0 through 7.0.4

RISK:
Government:

• Large and medium government entities: High
• Small government entities: Medium

Businesses:

• Large and medium business entities: High
• Small business entities: Medium

Home users: Low

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:
Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Fortinet products, the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution. Details of the vulnerabilities are as follows: 

Tactic: Initial Access (TA0001)
Technique: Exploitation Public-Facing Application  (T1190):

• A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-122] in FortiOS and FortiSwitchManager cw_acd daemon may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via specifically crafted requests. (CVE-2025-25249)
• An improper neutralization of special elements used in an OS command (‘OS Command Injection’) vulnerability [CWE-78] in FortiSIEM may allow an unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via crafted TCP requests. (CVE-2025-64155)

Details of lower severity vulnerabilities:

• An improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory (‘path traversal’) vulnerability in FortiVoice may allow a privileged attacker to delete files from the underlying filesystem via crafted HTTP or HTTPs requests. (CVE-2025-58693)
• An improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command (‘SQL Injection’) vulnerability [CWE-89] in FortiClientEMS may allow an authenticated attacker with at least read-only admin permission to execute unauthorized SQL code or commands via crafted HTTP or HTTPs requests. (CVE-2025-59922)
• A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability [CWE-918] in FortiSandbox may allow an authenticated attacker to proxy internal requests limited to plaintext endpoints only via crafted HTTP requests. (CVE-2025-67685)
• An exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor [CWE-200] vulnerability in FortiFone Web Portal page may allow an unauthenticated attacker to obtain the device configuration via crafted HTTP or HTTPS requests. (CVE-2025-47855)

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the affected service account. Depending on the privileges associated with the service account an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Service accounts that are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

RECOMMENDATIONS:
We recommend the following actions be taken:

• Apply the stable channel update provided by Fortinet to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. (M1051: Update Software)
  • Safeguard 7.1 : Establish and Maintain a Vulnerability Management Process: Establish and maintain a documented vulnerability management process for enterprise assets. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.
  • Safeguard 7.2 : Establish and Maintain a Remediation Process: Establish and maintain a risk-based remediation strategy documented in a remediation process, with monthly, or more frequent, reviews.
  • Safeguard 7.4: Perform Automated Application Patch Management: Perform application updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.
  • Safeguard 7.6 : Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-Exposed Enterprise Assets: Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.
  • Safeguard 7.7 : Remediate Detected Vulnerabilities: Remediate detected vulnerabilities in software through processes and tooling on a monthly, or more frequent, basis, based on the remediation process.
  • Safeguard 16.13 Conduct Application Penetration Testing: Conduct application penetration testing. For critical applications, authenticated penetration testing is better suited to finding business logic vulnerabilities than code scanning and automated security testing. Penetration testing relies on the skill of the tester to manually manipulate an application as an authenticated and unauthenticated user.
  • Safeguard 12.1: Ensure Network Infrastructure is Up-to-Date: Ensure network infrastructure is kept up-to-date. Example implementations include running the latest stable release of software and/or using currently supported network-as-a-service (NaaS) offerings. Review software versions monthly, or more frequently, to verify software support.
  • Safeguard 18.1 : Establish and Maintain a Penetration Testing Program: Establish and maintain a penetration testing program appropriate to the size, complexity, and maturity of the enterprise. Penetration testing program characteristics include scope, such as network, web application, Application Programming Interface (API), hosted services, and physical premise controls; frequency; limitations, such as acceptable hours, and excluded attack types; point of contact information; remediation, such as how findings will be routed internally; and retrospective requirements.
  • Safeguard 18.2 : Perform Periodic External Penetration Tests: Perform periodic external penetration tests based on program requirements, no less than annually. External penetration testing must include enterprise and environmental reconnaissance to detect exploitable information. Penetration testing requires specialized skills and experience and must be conducted through a qualified party. The testing may be clear box or opaque box.
  • Safeguard 18.3 : Remediate Penetration Test Findings: Remediate penetration test findings based on the enterprise’s policy for remediation scope and prioritization.
• Apply the Principle of Least Privilege to all systems and services. Run all software as a non-privileged user (one without administrative privileges) to diminish the effects of a successful attack. (M1026: Privileged Account Management)
  • Safeguard 4.7: Manage Default Accounts on Enterprise Assets and Software: Manage default accounts on enterprise assets and software, such as root, administrator, and other pre-configured vendor accounts. Example implementations can include: disabling default accounts or making them unusable.
  • Safeguard 5.4: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged account.
• Vulnerability scanning is used to find potentially exploitable software vulnerabilities to remediate them. (M1016: Vulnerability Scanning)
  • Safeguard 16.13: Conduct Application Penetration Testing: Conduct application penetration testing. For critical applications, authenticated penetration testing is better suited to finding business logic vulnerabilities than code scanning and automated security testing. Penetration testing relies on the skill of the tester to manually manipulate an application as an authenticated and unauthenticated user.
• Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring. (M1050: Exploit Protection)
  • Safeguard 10.5: Enable Anti-Exploitation Features: Enable anti-exploitation features on enterprise assets and software, where possible, such as Microsoft® Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Windows® Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG), or Apple® System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper™.
• Architect sections of the network to isolate critical systems, functions, or resources. Use physical and logical segmentation to prevent access to potentially sensitive systems and information. Use a DMZ to contain any internet-facing services that should not be exposed from the internal network. Configure separate virtual private cloud (VPC) instances to isolate critical cloud systems. (M1030: Network Segmentation)
  • Safeguard 12.2: Establish and Maintain a Secure Network Architecture: Establish and maintain a secure network architecture. A secure network architecture must address segmentation, least privilege, and availability, at a minimum.
• Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring. (M1050: Exploit Protection)
  • Safeguard 10.5: Enable Anti-Exploitation Features: Enable anti-exploitation features on enterprise assets and software, where possible, such as Microsoft® Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Windows® Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG), or Apple® System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper™.

REFERENCES:

Fortinet:
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-778
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-735
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-783
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-260
https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-772

CVE: 
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-25249
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-64155
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-58693
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-59922
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-67685
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-47855

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Google Chrome, the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the logged on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

THREAT INTELLIGENCE:
There are no reports of exploitation of these vulnerabilities in the wild.

SYSTEMS AFFECTED:

• Chrome prior to 144.0.7559.59/60 for Windows and MAC
• Chrome prior to 144.0.7559.59 for Linux

RISK:
Government:

• Large and medium government entities: Medium
• Small government entities: Medium

Businesses:

• Large and medium business entities: Medium
• Small business entities: Medium

Home users: Low

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Google Chrome, the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution. Details of these vulnerabilities are as follows:

Tactic: Initial Access (TA0001):

Technique: Drive-By Compromise (T1189):

• Out of bounds memory access in V8 (CVE-2026-0899)

Additional lower severity vulnerabilities include:

• Inappropriate implementation in Blink (CVE-2026-0901)
• Insufficient validation of untrusted input in Downloads (CVE-2026-0903)
• Incorrect security UI in Digital Credentials (CVE-2026-0904)
• Insufficient policy enforcement in Network (CVE-2026-0905)
• Incorrect security UI (CVE-2026-0906)
• Incorrect security UI in Split View (CVE-2026-0907)
• Inappropriate implementation in V8 (CVE-2026-0900, CVE-2026-0902)
• Use after free in ANGLE (CVE-2026-0908)

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the logged on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

RECOMMENDATIONS:
We recommend the following actions be taken:

• Apply appropriate updates provided by Google to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. (M1051: Update Software)
  • Safeguard 7.1: Establish and Maintain a Vulnerability Management Process: Establish and maintain a documented vulnerability management process for enterprise assets. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.
  • Safeguard 7.4: Perform Automated Application Patch Management: Perform application updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.
  • Safeguard 7.7: Remediate Detected Vulnerabilities: Remediate detected vulnerabilities in software through processes and tooling on a monthly, or more frequent, basis, based on the remediation process.
  • Safeguard 9.1: Ensure Use of Only Fully Supported Browsers and Email Clients: Ensure only fully supported browsers and email clients are allowed to execute in the enterprise, only using the latest version of browsers and email clients provided through the vendor.

• Apply the Principle of Least Privilege to all systems and services. Run all software as a non-privileged user (one without administrative privileges) to diminish the effects of a successful attack. (M1026: Privileged Account Management)
  • Safeguard 4.7: Manage Default Accounts on Enterprise Assets and Software: Manage default accounts on enterprise assets and software, such as root, administrator, and other pre-configured vendor accounts. Example implementations can include: disabling default accounts or making them unusable.
  • Safeguard 5.4: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged account.

• Restrict execution of code to a virtual environment on or in transit to an endpoint system. (M1048: Application Isolation and Sandboxing)

• Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring. (M1050: Exploit Protection)
  • Safeguard 10.5:  Enable Anti-Exploitation Features: Enable anti-exploitation features on enterprise assets and software, where possible, such as Microsoft® Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Windows® Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG), or Apple® System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper™.

• Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc. (M1021: Restrict Web-Based Content)
  • Safeguard 9.2: Use DNS Filtering Services: Use DNS filtering services on all enterprise assets to block access to known malicious domains.
  • Safeguard 9.3: Maintain and Enforce Network-Based URL Filters: Enforce and update network-based URL filters to limit an enterprise asset from connecting to potentially malicious or unapproved websites. Example implementations include category-based filtering, reputation-based filtering, or through the use of block lists. Enforce filters for all enterprise assets.
  • Safeguard 9.6: Block Unnecessary File Types: Block unnecessary file types attempting to enter the enterprise’s email gateway.

• Inform and educate users regarding the threats posed by hypertext links contained in emails or attachments especially from un-trusted sources. Remind users not to visit un-trusted websites or follow links provided by unknown or un-trusted sources. (M1017: User Training)
  • Safeguard 14.1: Establish and Maintain a Security Awareness Program: Establish and maintain a security awareness program. The purpose of a security awareness program is to educate the enterprise’s workforce on how to interact with enterprise assets and data in a secure manner. Conduct training at hire and, at a minimum, annually. Review and update content annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.
  • Safeguard 14.2: Train Workforce Members to Recognize Social Engineering Attacks: Train workforce members to recognize social engineering attacks, such as phishing, pre-texting, and tailgating.

REFERENCES:

Google:

https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_13.html

CVE:

https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-0899

https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-0900

https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-0901

https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-0902

https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-0903

https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-0904

https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-0905

https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-0906

https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-0907https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-0908

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Adobe products, the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution.

• Adobe Bridge is a creative asset manager that lets you preview, organize, edit, and publish multiple creative assets quickly and easily.
• Adobe Dreamweaver is a web design integrated development environment (IDE) that is used to develop and design websites.
• Adobe InDesign is a professional page layout and desktop publishing software used for designing and publishing content for both print and digital media.
• Adobe InCopy is a professional word processor designed for writers and editors to collaborate with designers on documents simultaneously.
• Adobe Photoshop is a powerful raster graphics editor developed by Adobe for image creation, editing, and manipulation.
• Adobe Illustrator is a professional vector graphics editor used for creating logos, icons, typography, and other scalable graphics that retain clarity at any size.
• Adobe Substance 3D is a suite of tools for creating 3D content, including modeling, texturing, and rendering.
• Adobe ColdFusion is a rapid development platform for building and deploying web and mobile applications.

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the logged on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

THREAT INTELLIGENCE:
There are currently no reports of these vulnerabilities being exploited in the wild. 

SYSTEMS AFFECTED:

• Adobe Bridge 15.1.2 (LTS) and earlier versions
• Adobe Bridge 16.0 and earlier versions
• Adobe Dreamweaver 21.6 and earlier versions
• Adobe InCopy 19.5.5 and earlier versions
• Adobe InCopy 21.0 and earlier versions
• Adobe InDesign ID19.5.5 and earlier versions
• Adobe InDesign ID21.0 and earlier versions
• Adobe Substance 3D Designer 15.0.3 and earlier versions
• Adobe Substance 3D Modeler 1.22.4 and earlier versions
• Adobe Substance 3D Painter 11.0.3 and earlier versions
• Adobe Substance 3D Sampler 5.1.0 and earlier versions
• Adobe Substance 3D Stager 3.1.5 and earlier versions
• ColdFusion 2023 Update 17 and earlier versions
• ColdFusion 2025 Update 5 and earlier versions
• Illustrator 2025 29.8.3 and earlier versions
• Illustrator 2026 30.0 and earlier versions

RISK:
Government:

• Large and medium government entities: Medium
• Small government entities: Medium

Businesses:

• Large and medium business entities: Medium
• Small business entities: Medium

Home users: Low

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:
Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Adobe products, the most severe of which could allow for arbitrary code execution. Details of these vulnerabilities are as follows: 

Tactic: Execution (TA0002)
Technique: Exploitation for Client Execution (T1203): 

Adobe Bridge:

• Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CVE-2026-21283)

Adobe Dreamweaver:

• Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command (‘OS Command Injection’) (CVE-2026-21267)
• Improper Input Validation (CVE-2026-21268, CVE-2026-21271, CVE-2026-21272, CVE-2026-21267)
• Incorrect Authorization (CVE-2026-21274)

Adobe InCopy:

• Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CVE-2026-21281)

Adobe InDesign:

• Access of Uninitialized Pointer (CVE-2026-21275, CVE-2026-21276)
• Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CVE-2026-21277, CVE-2026-21304)
• Out-of-bounds Read (CVE-2026-21278)

Substance 3D Designer:

• Out-of-bounds Read (CVE-2026-21308)

Substance 3D Modeler:

• Out-of-bounds Write (CVE-2026-21298, CVE-2026-21299)
• NULL Pointer Dereference (CVE-2026-21300, CVE-2026-21301)
• Out-of-bounds Read (CVE-2026-21302, CVE-2026-21303)

Substance 3D Painter:

• Out-of-bounds Write (CVE-2026-21305)

Substance 3D Sampler:

• Out-of-bounds Write (CVE-2026-21306)

Substance 3D Stager:

• Use After Free (CVE-2026-21287)

ColdFusion:

• XML External Entity Injection in Dependency: Apache Tika (CVE-2025-66516)

Adobe Illustrator:

• Untrusted Search Path (CVE-2026-21280)
• NULL Pointer Dereference (CVE-2026-21288)

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for arbitrary code execution in the context of the logged on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

RECOMMENDATIONS:
We recommend the following actions be taken:

• Apply the stable channel update provided by Adobe to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. (M1051: Update Software)
  • Safeguard 7.1: Establish and Maintain a Vulnerability Management Process: Establish and maintain a documented vulnerability management process for enterprise assets. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.
  • Safeguard 7.2: Establish and Maintain a Remediation Process: Establish and maintain a risk-based remediation strategy documented in a remediation process, with monthly, or more frequent, reviews.
  • Safeguard 7.6: Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Externally-Exposed Enterprise Assets: Perform automated vulnerability scans of externally-exposed enterprise assets using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool. Perform scans on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.
  • Safeguard 7.7: Remediate Detected Vulnerabilities: Remediate detected vulnerabilities in software through processes and tooling on a monthly, or more frequent, basis, based on the remediation process.
  • Safeguard 16.13: Conduct Application Penetration Testing: Conduct application penetration testing. For critical applications, authenticated penetration testing is better suited to finding business logic vulnerabilities than code scanning and automated security testing. Penetration testing relies on the skill of the tester to manually manipulate an application as an authenticated and unauthenticated user.
  • Safeguard 18.1: Establish and Maintain a Penetration Testing Program: Establish and maintain a penetration testing program appropriate to the size, complexity, and maturity of the enterprise. Penetration testing program characteristics include scope, such as network, web application, Application Programming Interface (API), hosted services, and physical premise controls; frequency; limitations, such as acceptable hours, and excluded attack types; point of contact information; remediation, such as how findings will be routed internally; and retrospective requirements.
  • Safeguard 18.2: Perform Periodic External Penetration Tests: Perform periodic external penetration tests based on program requirements, no less than annually. External penetration testing must include enterprise and environmental reconnaissance to detect exploitable information. Penetration testing requires specialized skills and experience and must be conducted through a qualified party. The testing may be clear box or opaque box.
  • Safeguard 18.3: Remediate Penetration Test Findings: Remediate penetration test findings based on the enterprise’s policy for remediation scope and prioritization.
• Apply the Principle of Least Privilege to all systems and services. Run all software as a non-privileged user (one without administrative privileges) to diminish the effects of a successful attack. (M1026: Privileged Account Management)
  • Safeguard 4.7: Manage Default Accounts on Enterprise Assets and Software: Manage default accounts on enterprise assets and software, such as root, administrator, and other pre-configured vendor accounts. Example implementations can include: disabling default accounts or making them unusable.
  • Safeguard 5.4: Restrict Administrator Privileges to Dedicated Administrator Accounts: Restrict administrator privileges to dedicated administrator accounts on enterprise assets. Conduct general computing activities, such as internet browsing, email, and productivity suite use, from the user’s primary, non-privileged account.
• Restrict use of certain websites, block downloads/attachments, block Javascript, restrict browser extensions, etc. (M1021: Restrict Web-Based Content)
  • Safeguard 2.3: Address Unauthorized Software: Ensure that unauthorized software is either removed from use on enterprise assets or receives a documented exception. Review monthly, or more frequently.
  • Safeguard 2.7: Allowlist Authorized Scripts: Use technical controls, such as digital signatures and version control, to ensure that only authorized scripts, such as specific .ps1, .py, etc., files, are allowed to execute. Block unauthorized scripts from executing. Reassess bi-annually, or more frequently.
  • Safeguard 9.3: Maintain and Enforce Network-Based URL Filters: Enforce and update network-based URL filters to limit an enterprise asset from connecting to potentially malicious or unapproved websites. Example implementations include category-based filtering, reputation-based filtering, or through the use of block lists. Enforce filters for all enterprise assets.
  • Safeguard 9.6: Block Unnecessary File Types: Block unnecessary file types attempting to enter the enterprise’s email gateway.
• Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring. (M1050: Exploit Protection)
  • Safeguard 10.5: Enable Anti-Exploitation Features: Enable anti-exploitation features on enterprise assets and software, where possible, such as Microsoft® Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Windows® Defender Exploit Guard (WDEG), or Apple® System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper™.
• Block execution of code on a system through application control, and/or script blocking. (M1038:Execution Prevention)
  • Safeguard 2.5: Allowlist Authorized Software: Use technical controls, such as application allowlisting, to ensure that only authorized software can execute or be accessed. Reassess bi-annually, or more frequently.
  • Safeguard 2.6: Allowlist Authorized Libraries: Use technical controls to ensure that only authorized software libraries, such as specific .dll, .ocx, .so, etc., files, are allowed to load into a system process. Block unauthorized libraries from loading into a system process. Reassess bi-annually, or more frequently.
  • Safeguard 2.7: Allowlist Authorized Scripts: Use technical controls, such as digital signatures and version control, to ensure that only authorized scripts, such as specific .ps1, .py, etc., files, are allowed to execute. Block unauthorized scripts from executing. Reassess bi-annually, or more frequently.
• Use capabilities to prevent suspicious behavior patterns from occurring on endpoint systems. This could include suspicious process, file, API call, etc. behavior. (M1040: Behavior Prevention on Endpoint)
  • Safeguard 13.2: Deploy a Host-Based Intrusion Detection Solution: Deploy a host-based intrusion detection solution on enterprise assets, where appropriate and/or supported.
  • Safeguard 13.7: Deploy a Host-Based Intrusion Prevention Solution: Deploy a host-based intrusion prevention solution on enterprise assets, where appropriate and/or supported. Example implementations include use of an Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) client or host-based IPS agent.

REFERENCES:

Adobe:
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/Home.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/dreamweaver/apsb26-01.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/indesign/apsb26-02.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/illustrator/apsb26-03.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/incopy/apsb26-04.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/bridge/apsb26-07.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d-modeler/apsb26-08.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_stager/apsb26-09.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_painter/apsb26-10.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d-sampler/apsb26-11.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/coldfusion/apsb26-12.html
https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d_designer/apsb26-13.html
 
CVE:
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-66516
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21267
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21268
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21271
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21272
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21274
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21275
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21276
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21277
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21278
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21280
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21281
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21283
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21287
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21288
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21298
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21299
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21300
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21301
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21302
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21303
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21304
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21305
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21306
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2026-21308

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the UK National Cyber Security Centre, in collaboration with other federal and international partners, have released Secure Connectivity Principles for Operational Technology guidance to help asset owners address increasing business and regulatory pressures for connectivity into operational technology networks.

Operational technology (OT) environments – which have long been centered on safety, uptime, and operational continuity – are now more interconnected than ever. Driven by the need for increased efficiency, agility, and integration, these advancements offer significant operational benefits (such as real-time analytics, predictive maintenance and remote monitoring & administration), but they also introduce risks.

Organizations deploying or operating OT systems often face challenges in prioritizing cyber security due to operational constraints, such as dependence on legacy technologies that were never designed for modern connectivity or security requirements. These challenges are compounded by the increasing use of third-party vendors, remote access solutions and supply chain integrations, all of which expand the potential attack surface. In an OT environment, risks are elevated since a cyber intrusion can lead to physical harm, environmental impact, or potentially the disruption of an operator of essential service (OES).

Exposed and insecure OT connectivity is known to be targeted by both opportunistic and highly capable threat actors. This activity includes state-sponsored actors actively targeting critical national infrastructure (CNI) networks. The threat is not just limited to state-sponsored actors with recent incidents showing how exposed OT infrastructure is opportunistically targeted by hacktivists. Strengthening the cyber security of CNI, including securing OT connections, can challenge attackers’ efforts and raise the threshold necessary to cause physical harm, environmental impact, and disruption.

System owners should use the listed principles as a framework to design, implement, and manage secure OT connectivity, for both new and existing OT systems. These principles are particularly critical for operators of essential services.

Date: January 28, 2026

Time: 2:00-3:00PM ET

Ransomware is a persistent risk to organizations of all sizes and sectors, and addressing this risk requires collaboration across the public and private sectors to develop practical resources for organizations to reduce their ransomware risks.

Speakers from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Center for Internet Security (CIS), and the Institute for Security and Technology (IST) will provide an overview of available ransomware risk management resources that help organizations get started with ransomware risk management by establishing foundational safeguards and building from there. Two resources that will be featured include:  

• NIST Ransomware Risk Management CSF 2.0 Community Profile—published as an Initial Public Draft on January 13, 2025, reflects changes made to the Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) from CSF 1.1 to CSF 2.0 which identifies security objectives that support managing, detecting, responding to, and recovering from ransomware events. The publication can be used to gauge an organization’s readiness to counter ransomware threats, mitigate potential consequences of a ransomware event, and to develop a ransomware countermeasure playbook.
• The IST and the Ransomware Task Force Blueprint for Ransomware Defense—which provides small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with an actionable framework to defend against the most common attacks. It is comprised of a subset of Implementation Group 1 (IG1) Safeguards from the CIS Critical Security Controls (CIS Controls) v8 and aligned with NIST’s Cybersecurity Framework 2.0, to help SMEs understand where they can get started with establishing a ransomware risk management strategy.

Speakers will provide an overview of the resources above, including how they were developed collaboratively, and will also discuss current and future efforts to address ransomware risk management.  Ample time will be saved audience questions, ideas, and discussion.

Speakers:

• Bill Fisher, Security Engineer, NIST
• Valecia Stocchetti, Senior Cybersecurity Engineer, CIS Critical Security Controls
• Michael Klein, Senior Director for Preparedness and Response, Institute for Security and Technology (IST)
• Moderator: Daniel Eliot, Lead for Small Business Engagement, NIST

Register Here

The NJCCIC observed a phishing campaign targeting MetaMask cryptocurrency wallets. The message appears to come from MetaMask, but the actual originating email address can be found in the header information. The threat actor also uses Punycode in the “From” field, likely to evade word-based detection in email protection systems. To prompt quick action, the messages state that funds will be lost if no action is taken, and the subject lines sound urgent, such as:

Don’t Lose Access – Act Now ⚠️ FINAL WARNING: account deletion & permanent fund loss Account On HOLD Final Notice: Review Required

The messages include a URL that directs users to a CAPTCHA-protected fake MetaMask page. When the “Update Now” button is clicked, a prompt requests the user’s recovery phrase to confirm account ownership. If the recovery phrase is shared, the threat actor gains full control of the associated wallet.

The NJCCIC observed a phishing campaign that abused the legitimate Docusign, leading to the installation of the LogMeIn Resolve remote monitoring and management (RMM) tool. The email is not sent from a legitimate Docusign domain, such as docusign[.]com or docusign[.]net. Additionally, it is not valid because a legitimate Docusign email notification contains an alternate signing method  with a unique security code at the bottom of the email. The subject line contains misspellings, and the impersonalized email includes an “ACCESS DOCUMENT” link to review a secure document, supposedly without requiring an account or special tools.

If the link is clicked, the target is directed to a malicious website, hxxps://micronetmx[.]com/Docs, that automatically downloads an executable called “Docx_xlxs-rqs[.]exe.” Clicking on the “Open file” link installs the LogMeIn Resolve RMM tool, allowing threat actors to remotely control the compromised device. Further analysis reveals that the executable file performs various tasks, including establishing persistence, checking the BIOS and system information in the registry, reviewing the system for installed applications, and dropping files into the System32 directory. The malicious use of RMM tools and weak organizational IT policies can lead to unauthorized access, persistent backdoor access, lateral movement to critical systems and cloud accounts, the deployment of other malware and ransomware, and data leakage.

Recommendations

Exercise caution with communications from known senders or legitimate platforms. Confirm requests from senders via contact information obtained from verified and official sources before taking action, such as clicking on links or opening attachments. Navigate directly to legitimate websites and verify before submitting account credentials, providing personal or financial information, or downloading files. Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) and keep systems and browsers up to date. If victimized, disconnect from the internet and run anti-virus/anti-malware scans. If sensitive information was entered, change passwords for compromised accounts, monitor for unauthorized activity, and review the Identity Theft and Compromised PII NJCCIC Informational Report for additional recommendations and resources, including credit freezes and enabling MFA on accounts. Review Docusign’s webpage for additional security concerns, recommendations, and reporting. Report malicious cyber activity to the NJCCIC and the FBI’s IC3.

Date/Time: January 14, 2026 | 9:00 a.m. – 5:00 p.m. EST

Location: The MITRE Corporation, 7525 Colshire Drive, McLean, VA, 22102

Join the NIST National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) on January 14, 2026 for a hybrid workshop to discuss the preliminary draft NIST IR 8596, Cybersecurity Framework Profile for Artificial Intelligence (Cyber AI Profile) and hear updates regarding the SP 800-53 Control Overlays for Securing AI Systems (COSAiS).

Register now to attend in-person or virtually and influence the development of the NIST Cyber AI Profile.

Background

Working with the cybersecurity and AI communities, the NCCoE has published a preliminary Cyber AI Profile to help organizations strategically adopt AI while addressing and prioritizing cybersecurity risks stemming from its advancements.

Workshop Details

This workshop will feature presentations in the morning, followed by breakout sessions in the afternoon. The breakout sessions will allow in-person attendees to engage with the NIST Cyber AI Profile team and discuss the preliminary draft of the Profile more in-depth. Note: The virtual portion of this workshop will conclude after the morning presentations.

We encourage you to review the Profile in advance of this workshop – your feedback is crucial in shaping the next and final version of this publication. For more information regarding the workshop and breakout session discussion topics, please visit the event page.

The comment period for the Cyber AI Profile is open through January 30, 2026.

Visit the NCCoE project page for more information on how to submit comments.

Register Now!

The NJCCIC detected a new telephone-oriented attack delivery (TOAD) campaign. Unlike most phishing attempts, TOAD attacks do not include malicious attachments or URLs in their initial messages. The aim of the message is to trick an unwary user into calling the provided number. Upon receiving a call, threat actors employ further social engineering tactics to convince a target to install malware, grant full remote control, or enter credentials on a malicious webpage.

The threat actors behind this campaign impersonate PayPal order receipts for Bitcoin, using the PayPal logo and transaction details to make the email appear legitimate. Currently, they make no attempts to obfuscate the sender’s email address, which is a red flag for malicious emails. Finally, the email includes a contact phone number and a 24-hour deadline to dispute the transaction, creating a sense of urgency to prevent victims from realizing that something is amiss.

Recommendations

Facilitate user awareness training to include these types of phishing-based techniques. Confirm requests from senders via contact information obtained from verified and official sources. Review the Don’t Take the Bait! Phishing and Other Social Engineering Attacks NJCCIC product for more information on common phishing and social engineering attacks. Ensure multi-factor authentication (MFA) is enabled for all online accounts. If you suspect an account has been compromised, change the account’s password immediately and add a secondary authentication method. Report other malicious cyber activity to the NJCCIC and the FBI’s IC3.

Threat actors often impersonate IT support to deceive their targets into disclosing account credentials and installing malware. They usually lure with urgent emails related to account issues, such as expired passwords, full mailboxes, and security alerts. Threat actors send emails containing fraudulent links, malicious attachments, or fake phone numbers to initiate data theft or gain remote access to compromise systems and networks. Key red flags include urgent threats, generic greetings, mismatched senders, and requests for sensitive information

The NJCCIC observed an IT help desk scam targeting New Jersey public sector organizations, including New Jersey State employees and educational institutions. The phishing email’s display name shows “INFORMATION_SERVICES,” implying an internal communication. However, the email is marked with an external tag and comes from a generic Gmail email address that references Steve Jobs and tech. The subject line invites the target to open a file attachment supposedly from the IT (help) desk, and the email contains a misspelled “[impersonated organization name] Mictosoft Office365.pdf” attachment.

If the attachment is opened, the content displays urgent messaging from the impersonated organization’s IT Help Desk, claiming that the target’s password will expire in 24 hours, and they will lose access to their email if they do not follow the instructions. The threat actors instruct the target to update their password immediately by copying the link to their web browser, signing in, and verifying their identity.

If the target copies the link to their browser, a WordPress phishing page is displayed, prompting them to enter their name, email address, password, and phone number. If submitted, the threat actors capture and steal the account credentials in the background. To bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA) and compromise the account, the threat actors initiate the “verification process” by calling the target and claiming they need to verify their identity. In the background, the threat actors submit the stolen credentials on the official organization’s website or application, which then prompts the MFA code to be sent via phone call or a message to the target’s registered device, or an MFA push notification to be sent for approval. Once the target reveals the code or approves the notification, the threat actors can access the account. This “verification process” is not initiated by the target and is considered a red flag. Legitimate IT help desks will never initiate contact with users via email or over the phone to request or demand sensitive information, passwords, MFA codes, or MFA push notification approvals.

Additionally, impersonation and branding are utilized throughout this campaign, but may not be consistent, possibly due to an error by the threat actors. For some emails, the spoofed organization is not associated with the target’s own organization, logos, IT help desk, or domain name. For example, threat actors spoofed one organization in the attachment, but a different organization appeared on the phishing page.

Recommendations

Exercise caution with unsolicited communications from known senders. Confirm requests from senders by verifying their contact information obtained from trusted and official sources before taking action, such as opening attachments or clicking on links. Hover over links in emails or attachments to view the actual destination URL before clicking. Type official website URLs into browsers manually and only submit sensitive information on official websites. If you receive password resets, MFA codes, or MFA push notifications without initiating the request, ignore the code or deny the request and change the account password immediately via the official organization’s website or application to prevent further login attempts and MFA push notification requests. For organizations, implement monitoring and warning mechanisms to detect suspicious MFA prompt activity. Limit the number of MFA authentication requests per user within a specified time period, if this option is available. If thresholds are exceeded, temporarily lock the account and alert the domain administrator. Keep systems and browsers up to date. Report malicious cyber activity to the NJCCIC and the FBI’s IC3.