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Zyxel security advisory for command injection and insecure default credentials vulnerabilities in certain legacy DSL CPE

CVEs: CVE-2024-40890, CVE-2024-40891, CVE-2025-0890

Summary

Zyxel recently became aware of CVE-2024-40890 and CVE-2024-40891 being mentioned in a post on GreyNoise’s blog. Additionally, VulnCheck informed us that they will publish the technical details regarding CVE-2024-40981 and CVE-2025-0890 on their blog. We have confirmed that the affected models reported by VulnCheck, VMG1312-B10A, VMG1312-B10B, VMG1312-B10E, VMG3312-B10A, VMG3313-B10A, VMG3926-B10B, VMG4325-B10A, VMG4380-B10A, VMG8324-B10A, VMG8924-B10A, SBG3300, and SBG3500, are legacy products that have reached end-of-life (EOL) for years. Therefore, we strongly recommend that users replace them with newer-generation products for optimal protection.

What are the vulnerabilities?

CVE-2024-40890

**UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED**

A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the CGI program of certain legacy DSL CPE models, including VMG1312-B10A, VMG1312-B10B, VMG1312-B10E, VMG3312-B10A, VMG3313-B10A, VMG3926-B10B, VMG4325-B10A, VMG4380-B10A, VMG8324-B10A, VMG8924-B10A, SBG3300, and SBG3500, could allow an authenticated attacker to execute operating system (OS) commands on an affected device by sending a crafted HTTP POST request. It is important to note that WAN access is disabled by default on these devices, and this attack can only be successful if user-configured passwords have been compromised.

CVE-2024-40891

**UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED**

A post-authentication command injection vulnerability in the management commands of certain legacy DSL CPE models, including VMG1312-B10A, VMG1312-B10B, VMG1312-B10E, VMG3312-B10A, VMG3313-B10A, VMG3926-B10B, VMG4325-B10A, VMG4380-B10A, VMG8324-B10A, VMG8924-B10A, SBG3300, and SBG3500. This vulnerability could allow an authenticated attacker to execute OS commands on an affected device via Telnet. It is important to note that WAN access and the Telnet function are disabled by default on these devices, and this attack can only be successful if the user-configured passwords have been compromised.

CVE-2025-0890

**UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED**

Insecure default credentials for the Telnet function in certain legacy DSL CPE models, including VMG1312-B10A, VMG1312-B10B, VMG1312-B10E, VMG3312-B10A, VMG3313-B10A, VMG3926-B10B, VMG4325-B10A, VMG4380-B10A, VMG8324-B10A, VMG8924-B10A, SBG3300, and SBG3500, could allow an attacker to log in to the management interface if the administrators have the option to change the default credentials but fail to do so. It is important to note that WAN access and the Telnet function are disabled by default on these devices.

What should you do?

The following models—VMG1312-B10A, VMG1312-B10B, VMG1312-B10E, VMG3312-B10A, VMG3313-B10A, VMG3926-B10B, VMG4325-B10A, VMG4380-B10A, VMG8324-B10A, VMG8924-B10A, SBG3300, and SBG3500—are legacy products that have reached EOL status for several years. In accordance with industry product life cycle management practices, Zyxel advises customers to replace these legacy products with newer-generation equipment for optimal protection. If you obtained your Zyxel product through an internet service provider (ISP), please contact the ISP for support. For ISPs, please contact your Zyxel sales or service representatives for further details.

Additionally, disabling remote access and periodically changing passwords are proactive measures that can help prevent potential attacks.

Got a question?

If you are an ISP, please contact your Zyxel sales or service representative for further information or assistance. For customers who acquired your Zyxel device from an ISP, please reach out to the ISP’s support team directly.

Coordinated Timeline:

2024-07-13: VulnCheck notified Zyxel about vulnerabilities in the EOL CPE VMG4325-B10A without providing any reports.
2024-07-14: Zyxel requested VulnCheck to provide a detailed report; however, VulnCheck did not respond.
2024-07-31: VulnCheck published CVE-2024-40890 and CVE-2024-40891 on their blog without informing Zyxel.
2025-01-28: GreyNoise published CVE-2024-40890 and CVE-2024-40891 on their blog.
2025-01-29: Zyxel received VulnCheck’s report regarding CVE-2024-40890, CVE-2024-40891, and CVE-2025-0890.
2025-01-29: Zyxel became aware of the vulnerabilities in certain legacy DSL CPE models.

Revision history

2025-2-4: Initial release

Multiple Vulnerabilities in Google Android OSCould Allow for Privilege Escalation

This Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) Advisory is being provided to assist agencies, organizations, and individuals in guarding against the persistent malicious actions of cybercriminals.

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Google Android OS, the most severe of which could allow for privilege escalation. Android is an operating system developed by Google for mobile devices, including, but not limited to, smartphones, tablets, and watches. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for privilege escalation in the context of the affected component. Depending on the privileges associated with the exploited component, threat actors could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full rights.

Threat Intelligence There are indications that CVE-2024-53104 may be under limited, targeted exploitation.

Systems Affected

Android OS patch levels prior to 2025-02-05

Risk
Government: – Large and medium government entities: High – Small government entities: Medium

Businesses: – Large and medium business entities: High
– Small business entities: Medium

Home Users: Low

Recommendations

Apply appropriate mitigations provided by Google to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring. Restrict execution of code to a virtual environment on or in transit to an endpoint system.

Reference
Android:
https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2025-02-01

Reporting The NJCCIC encourages recipients who discover signs of malicious cyber activity to contact the NJCCIC via the cyber incident report form at www.cyber.nj.gov/report.

Don’t Miss Out: Migrate to Innovate—Be AI-Ready, Be Secure

Tuesday, February 11, 2025 2:00 PM Eastern Time / 11:00 AM Pacific Time
Digital Event
Join us for a free Microsoft Discovery Hour to learn how migrating your IT estate to Microsoft Azure can prepare your organization for the AI era.

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Microsoft Discovery Hour: Migrate to Innovate—Be AI-Ready, Be Secure

Get your business ready for Microsoft 365 Copilot

Adapt your skills and master essential tools to excel in an AI-powered world at a free Microsoft 365 Virtual Training Day from Microsoft Learn.
 
Join us at Prepare Your Organization for Microsoft 365 Copilot to learn about design features and deployment strategies. Discover how Copilot uses large language models with your work data—such as calendars, emails, chats, documents, and meetings—to enhance organization and productivity.

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Review the key elements of Copilot, understand its functionality, and explore ways to extend its capabilities. Additionally, gain insights into implementation steps, data preparation, and strategies for driving adoption and impact. You’ll have the opportunity to: Become familiar with the key components and capabilities of Microsoft 365 Copilot.

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Copilot event:
February 18, 2025
11:00 AM – 1:30 PM | (GMT-06:00) Central Time US & Canada
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Comment Period Extended | NIST Genomic Data Cybersecurity Publication

The NIST National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) has released a draft publication to help organizations address cybersecurity threats associated with processing genomic data. The public comment period for the draft has been extended to Friday, February 14, 2025.

About the Draft

Draft NIST Cybersecurity White Paper (CSWP) 35, Cybersecurity Threat Modeling the Genomic Data Sequencing Workflow, evaluates potential threats in a genomic data processing environment using an iterative methodology. It provides an example use case that organizations can adapt to identify cybersecurity threats and apply mitigations in their environments.

While this paper focuses on cybersecurity threats, follow-on work includes privacy modeling for genomic data workflows and development of a Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) testbed for privacy-preserving federated learning (PPFL).

We Want to Hear from You!

We welcome your feedback to help improve this publication. The public comment period for the draft is now open until 11:59 PM (ET) on Friday, February 14, 2025. More details for providing public feedback are within the draft.

Comment Now

Multiple Vulnerabilities in Google Android OS Could Allow for Privilege Escalation- PATCH: NOW

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Google Android OS, the most severe of which could allow for privilege escalation. Android is an operating system developed by Google for mobile devices, including, but not limited to, smartphones, tablets, and watches. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for privilege escalation in the context of the affected component. Depending on the privileges associated with the exploited component, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full rights.

THREAT INTELLIGENCE:
There are indications that CVE-2024-53104 may be under limited, targeted exploitation

SYSTEMS AFFECTED:

Android OS patch levels prior to 2025-02-05

RISK:
Government:

Large and medium government entities: High
Small government entities: Medium

Businesses:

Large and medium business entities: High
Small business entities: Medium

Home users: Low

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:
Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Google Android OS, the most severe of which could allow for privilege escalation in the context of the affected component. Details of the vulnerabilities are as follows:

Tactic: Privilege Escalation (TA0004):
Technique: Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (T1068):

· Multiple vulnerabilities in Framework that could allow for escalation of privilege(CVE-2024-49721, CVE-2024-49743, CVE-2024-49746, CVE-2025-0097, CVE-2025-0098, CVE-2025-0099).

· A vulnerability in Platform that could allow for escalation of privilege. (CVE-2025-0094)

· Multiple vulnerabilities in System that could allow for escalation of privilege. (CVE-2025-0091, CVE-2025-0095, CVE-2025-0096)

· Multiple vulnerabilities in Kernel that could allow for escalation of privilege. (CVE-2024-53104, CVE-2025-0088)

Details of lower-severity vulnerabilities are as follows:

Multiple vulnerabilities in Framework that could allow for information disclosure. (CVE-2023-40122, CVE-2023-40133, CVE-2023-40134, CVE-2023-40135, CVE-2023-40136, CVE-2023-40137, CVE-2023-40138, CVE-2023-40139, CVE-2024-0037, CVE-2025-0100)
A vulnerability in Framework that could allow for denial of service. (CVE-2024-49741)
Multiple vulnerabilities in System that could allow for information disclosure. (CVE-2024-49723, CVE-2024-49729)
A vulnerability in Google Play system updates. (CVE-2024-49723)
A vulnerability in Arm components. (CVE-2025-0015)
Multiple vulnerabilities in Imagination Technologies. (CVE-2024-43705, CVE-2024-46973, CVE-2024-47892, CVE-2024-52935)
Multiple vulnerabilities in MediaTek components. (CVE-2025-20634, CVE-2024-20141, CVE-2024-20142, CVE-2025-20635, CVE-2025-20636)
A vulnerability in Unisoc components. (CVE-2024-39441)
Multiple vulnerabilities in Qualcomm components. (CVE-2024-45569, CVE-2024-45571, CVE-2024-45582, CVE-2024-49832, CVE-2024-49833, CVE-2024-49834, CVE-2024-49839, CVE-2024-49843)
Multiple vulnerabilities in Qualcomm closed-source components. (CVE-2024-38404, CVE-2024-38420)

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could allow for privilege escalation in the context of the affected component. Depending on the privileges associated with the exploited component, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full rights.

RECOMMENDATIONS:
We recommend the following actions be taken:

Apply appropriate mitigations provided by Google to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. (M1051: Update Software)
- Safeguard 7.1: Establish and Maintain a Vulnerability Management Process: Establish and maintain a documented vulnerability management process for enterprise assets. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.
- Safeguard 7.4: Perform Automated Application Patch Management: Perform application updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.
- Safeguard 7.5: Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal Enterprise Assets: Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.
Use capabilities to detect and block conditions that may lead to or be indicative of a software exploit occurring. (M1050: Exploit Protection)
- Safeguard 10.5: Enable Anti-Exploitation Features: Enable anti-exploitation features on enterprise assets and software, where possible, such as Apple® System Integrity Protection (SIP) and Gatekeeper™.
- Safeguard 13.10 : Perform Application Layer Filtering: Perform application layer filtering. Example implementations include a filtering proxy, application layer firewall, or gateway.
Restrict execution of code to a virtual environment on or in transit to an endpoint system. (M1048: Application Isolation and Sandboxing)
- Safeguard 16.8: Separate Production and Non-Production Systems: Maintain separate environments for production and non-production systems

REFERENCES:

NCCoE Cybersecurity Connections – Implementing a Zero Trust Architecture

Photo Credit: Shutterstock

Event Recording Now Available!

NCCoE Cybersecurity Connections Event

Last week, the National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) hosted a Cybersecurity Connections Event and Networking Lunch focused on Implementing a Zero Trust Architecture.

Hosted in partnership with the Maryland Department of Commerce and Montgomery County, these quarterly events feature a discussion on cybersecurity best practices from leaders in the community as well as a networking lunch sponsored by the Montgomery County Economic Development Corporation on behalf of Montgomery County, Maryland.

Leaders from the NCCoE, Tenable, TechNuf LLC, and Cisco came together for a panel discussion focused on deploying zero trust architectures. Panelists exchanged views concerning key technology capabilities necessary to implement zero trust architectures, insider threats, automation, vulnerability and threat detection, as well as the current state of cybersecurity across government agencies.

The recording of this event is now available on the NCCoE event webpage.

Visit the NCCoE project page to learn more about our Zero Trust Architecture guidance. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected].

View the Recording

Iranian Cyber Actors Targeting Critical Infrastructure Organizations Using Brute Force

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), the National Security Agency (NSA), the Communications Security Establishment Canada (CSE), Australian Federal Police (AFP), and Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD’s ACSC) released this Joint Cybersecurity Advisory to warn network defenders of Iranian cyber actors’ use of brute force and other techniques to compromise organizations across multiple critical infrastructure sectors. The threat actors likely aim to obtain credentials and information describing the victim’s network that can then be sold to enable access to cybercriminals.

Since October 2023, Iranian actors have used brute force, such as password spraying, and multifactor authentication (MFA) ‘push bombing’ to compromise user accounts and obtain access to organizations. The actors frequently modified MFA registrations, enabling persistent access. The actors performed discovery on the compromised networks to obtain additional credentials and identify other information that could be used to gain additional points of access. The authoring agencies assess the Iranian actors sell this information on cybercriminal forums to actors who may use the information to conduct additional malicious activity

This advisory provides the threat actors’ tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) and indicators of compromise (IOCs). The information is derived from FBI engagements with entities impacted by this malicious activity. The authoring agencies recommend critical infrastructure organizations follow the guidance provided in the mitigations section of this advisory. At a minimum, organizations should ensure all accounts use strong passwords and register a second form of authentication.